Canadian Health and Care mall: Important information about diabetes

INTRODACTION

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia either due to an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin secretion or reduction in the biologic effectiveness of insulin or both. The abnormalities in diabetics’ mellitus contribute to cellular events that cause atherosclerosis and subsequently increase the risk of cardiovascular events. The oxidative stress biomarker myeloperoxidase (MPO) enhances cardiovascular risk prediction. Serum malandialdehyde (MDA) level was significantly higher in patients with diabetes for more than 5 years and in the presence of diabetic complications (both microvascular and macrovascular).

Risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increased significantly with increasing total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C). Type 2 diabetic patients are more prone to develop cardiovascular complications. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is the new marker of atherogenicity, since the AIP is related directly to the atherosclerotic risk.

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The levels of MPO, MDA and AIP in these patients help to detect cardiovascular complications, and early interventions can be done to prevent future development of cardiovascular complications.

MPO (EC 1.11.1.7) a member of the heme peroxidase superfamily is a tetrameric hemoprotein (MW 144,000 Da) consisting of a pair of heavy (57 kDa) and light (15 kDa) chains. It is a stored in azurophilic granules of polymorph nuclear neutrophils and monocyte macrophages and when released (typically with inflammation), catalyzes the conversion of chloride anion and hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorite, a metal ion-independent chlorinating oxidant that possesses potent microbicidal activity. Hence, it has a role in host defense against pathogens. MPO activity leads to oxidation of LDL-C. Oxidation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) reduce its capacity to transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver, and it consumes endothelial derived nitric oxide, which can lead to plaque formation and endothelial dysfunction.

MDA is generated by both lipid oxidation and as a by-product of prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis. Its plasma concentration is increased in diabetes mellitus, and it is found in the atherosclerotic plaque, which is promoted by diabetes. The clinical relevance of the reaction between MDA and proteins is highlighted in atherosclerosis, in which the arterial intima becomes infiltrated with foam cells, resulting in thickened, non-resilient arteries with reduced blood flow. This is a major cause of CHD and strokes.

Diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis are two main causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies have shown that several factors contribute to the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Factors such as age, gender and genetic predisposition are non-changeable parameters. Increased levels of serum cholesterol are the main risk factor for atherosclerosis, especially LDL-C fraction, and other risk factors for atherosclerosis: smoking, decreased glucose tolerance, obesity and sedentary lifestyle. diabetes

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in developing countries is rising due to an increase in the incidence of obesity. Central obesity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome: promotes inflammation, hypertension, dyslipidemia and it leads to the development of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. Correcting and controlling these means less risk of increase or progression of atherosclerosis.

Objectives

To compare the serum levels of MPO, MDA, AIP, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglyceride (TG), TC body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR)
1. In type 2 diabetics and age and sex matched healthy controls,
2. In type 2 diabetics with duration of diabetes less than 10 years and ≥10 years.
3. In type 2 diabetics with serum TC levels less than 200 mg/dl and ≥ 200 mg/dl.
To correlate AIP with serum levels of MPO, MDA, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, TC, BMI and WHR in type 2 diabetic individuals.

2015: 09/15
CATEGORY: Diabetes
Medicine
32,830 comments

Amino acids are considered to contain “complete protein”

The human body requires protein for many reasons, so it is important to consume sufficient amounts of high protein foods. A good rule of thumb is to consume 0.75 grams of protein for every pound of body weight; e.g., 120 grams for a 160-pound person. This amount of daily protein intake can aid in the prevention and even reversal of osteoporosis. For athletes and active people who require additional tissue repair, protein intake should be increased.

These figures assume that you eat a mixed diet of proteins that match the amino acid ratios required by the body. There are twenty-two different amino acids that are important to the body. These combine together in thousands of intricate biochemical patterns to create a variety of complex protein structures. Nine of the amino acids are “essential” — the body cannot produce them so they must be supplied from whole food sources.

Foods that supply a specific ratio of the nine essential amino acids are considered to contain “complete protein.” Virtually all proteins from raw animal foods are complete. Foods that lack one or more of the essential amino acids, such as certain fruits, grains and vegetables, contain “incomplete protein.” Plant foods can be excellent sources of protein if eaten in combinations that supply the balance of essential amino acids. For example, in Latin cultures, the incomplete amino acid profile of beans combined with incomplete whole grain rice creates a balanced complete amino acid profile.

Essential Amino Acids

Histadine

Isoleucine

Leucine

Lysine

Methionine

Phenylalanine

Threonine

Tryptophan

Valine

Nonessential Amino Acids

Alanine

Arginine

Asparagine

Aspartic acid

Cysteine

Glutamic acid

Glutamine

Glycine

Ornithine

Proline

Serine

Taurine

Tyrosine

When we eat whole foods, a healthy digestive system breaks proteins down into its amino acids that enter the body’s “pool” of amino acids. Each cell assembles the proteins it needs using the amino acids as building blocks. If one or more of the “nonessential” amino acids is in short supply, the body can produce it from essential ones.

However, low consumption of any essential amino acid can limit the body’s effective use of the others. The body then cannot form protein, and isolated amino acids begin to accumulate in the bloodstream. Missing one of the essential amino acids is like trying to build a car on an assembly line without the engine. Supplies of tires, chassis, seats, brakes and windows keep arriving, but no cars can be completely built. Meanwhile, inventory of all these parts creates congestion in the manufacturing plant.

We need the nine essential amino acids in our diet as raw materials in just the right proportions and at the same time. It does little good taking in a few essential amino acids one day and getting the others later in the week.

2014: 11/07
CATEGORY: Nutrition
186 comments

Massage Therapy Shown To Be the Best Choice of Treatment for Lower Back Pain

Massage therapists often gush about the therapeutic properties of massage therapy, saying it can lower levels of anxiety and stress, improve wellness, and even reduce pain. And for the most part, they’re right.

Indeed, many academic studies have demonstrated the therapeutic properties of massage, but these studies are usually small in their number of participants, and often massage is indicated as a complementary treatment, for example, as a non-invasive pain reliever for cancer patients. A study in the July 5 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine is therefore a breakthrough for massage therapists as it concludes that massage isn’t just a good complementary therapy, rather, it is the best choice for treating lower back pain.

The study, titled A Comparison of the Effects of 2 Types of Massage and Usual Care on Chronic Low Back Pain, is so newsworthy because it concludes that general massage therapy is more effective than standard medical treatment when dealing with back pain. This means that a weekly massage can do more to ease chronic back pain than painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs (think Advil) and physical therapy.

According to The USA Today (1), the study monitored 410 women with chronic lower back pain. The women were randomly assigned to three groups, with one group receiving standard medical care as outlined above, one receiving an hour-long, weekly structural massage therapy session, and the final group receiving a standard, hour-long Swedish massage.

The results showed that women who received either form of massage were two times as likely to have spent less time in bed due to pain, used less pain medication, and generally were more active than the women who did not receive massage therapy. Stunningly, more than one-third of the women who received massage reported their back pain as much improved or completely gone, while only four percent of women who received standard medical care could say the same thing.

What does this mean for massage therapy and its practitioners? First and foremost, it is thorough proof that massage can do what therapists have been saying it can do all along: Provide effective pain management and improve people’s quality of life. Second, this claim can be made by all massage therapists – from the highest trained to the recently graduated – as almost all therapists are well versed in Swedish massage. Finally, this should motivate therapists to continue to promote massage as an effective, non-invasive therapy to people in areas where lower back pain is common, providing therapists with another reason to market, for example, chair massage therapy to office employees.

2011: 08/19
CATEGORY: Massage Therapy
416 comments

Secret Asian Sore Feet Remedies That Really Work!

Sore, aching feet plagues nearly everyone at one time or another. In this article I will introduce you to three “secret” Asian sore feet remedies that are highly effective in treating discomforting sore feet, and I will map out a strategy using these three remedies that is assured to leave you free of foot pain once and for all!

Acupuncture

Originating in China more than 2,000 years ago, acupuncture is one of the oldest, most commonly used medical procedures in the world. This technique involves the use of small, slender needles that are gently inserted into specific areas along the body’s meridians, or energy channels, in order to correct energetic imbalances.

Studies have shown acupuncture to be effective in relieving certain types of foot pain. Many acupuncture practitioners utilize acupuncture techniques to treat pain associated with the ankles, heels, and balls of the feet.

Bear in mind, however, that while successful in many cases, whether acupuncture is ultimately effective in treating foot pain depends on the nature of the pain. Acupuncture therapy can also be pricey, sometimes requires multiple treatment sessions, and in many cases is not covered by insurance. For these reasons, I suggest using acupuncture as a last resort while exploring one of the following Asian foot pain relief techniques describes below.

Reflexology

Reflexology is the practice of stimulating specific “pressure points” of the feet which, according to the practice of Oriental medicine, are thought to correspond to the various organs of the body.

According to reflexology, when certain areas of the body are out of balance, this causes flare up, or pain, in the bottom of the feet. Additionally, because the bottoms of the feet are the collection area for the pressure points of the body’s organs, the bottoms of the feet are, themselves, highly sensitive, so even if you aren’t convinced about the validity of reflexology, anyone who has experienced a reflexology massage can attest to the fact that afterwards, your feet, if not your entire body, will feel renewed and refreshed and released of pain!

Particularly for those who are active on their feet and experience chronic foot pain, an occasional professional reflexology massage, if available nearby, is highly recommended!

The only real drawback to a reflexology massage is the ongoing cost. At a cost of about $25 per massage or more, most sore feet sufferers likely cannot afford to get a reflexology massage more than once a month or so.

Japanese Foot Massage Tools

The Japanese, who enjoy the world’s highest life expectancy, are not coincidentally highly aware of and attentive to the importance of daily foot care.

Although acupuncture and reflexology originated in China, the Japanese were early adopters of these practices, and probably more than any other culture, diligently apply these principles specifically to foot care.

One likely reason for the Japanese attention to foot care is entirely practical: the Japanese are notorious walkers! Required to walk during the medieval period due to a prohibition on horseback travel, today, the Japanese continue to walk much more than most cultures due to the impractical nature of cars in Japan’s large cities, where most of its population is concentrated.

As a result, the Japanese have invented a plethora of creative foot massage tools to combat sore foot pain. While Japan is well known for its highly advanced technical innovation, I believe that the most effective Japanese foot massage tool is also the country’s oldest and most primitive.

Japanese Bamboo Foot Massager

The Japanese bamboo foot massager is just that, a piece of bamboo, naturally shaped to stimulate the arches of the feet, that is simply placed on the floor and stepped on for a soothing, gentle yet effective massage that provides instant foot pain relief.

This bamboo foot massager is said to have been invented when a wandering samurai chopped a piece of bamboo in half with his sword and stepped on the arched surface to soothe his aching feet.

From this lone samurai, the popularity of this foot massage tool exploded. Although little known outside of Japan, today in Japan you can find one of these in just about every Japanese household.

This Japanese foot massager is my favorite Asian remedy for sore feet because it is inexpensive, lightweight, easily portable, highly durable, easy to use, and most importantly, because it provides a great foot massage that provides daily relief from sore, aching feet just by using for a couple minutes per day.

Putting it All Together

Therefore, in utilizing my “secret” Asian sore feet remedies, I would suggest the strategy that I myself employ to keep your feet pain free: use a Japanese foot massage tool for daily maintenance; get a professional reflexology massage every month or two or as needed for a more intense and concentrated foot therapy session; and finally, consider acupuncture treatment as a last resort if you continue to experience chronic foot pain.

Follow the above strategy and I’m confident that you’ll soon be free at last of unpleasant sore foot pain!

2011: 08/17
CATEGORY: Types
1,044 comments

Massage Techniques for Beginners

Everyone wants more attention from their partner. As the saying goes, you have to give a little to get a little. A massage is a great way for partners to connect. It improves blood and lymphatic circulation, loosens tight muscles and releases endorphins and serotonin, helping your partner to feel happy and relaxed.

Not everyone knows how to give a good massage. There are a few tricks to know to make it a little bit better. If you want your partner to really enjoy the experience you should put some thought into setting the mood. It sounds cheesy but turn off the phone, shut the curtains, put on some quiet music and dim the lights. You want to create a comfortable setting where you won’t have to worry about being interrupted.

Find a good massage oil to reduce friction on the skin. Do not just pull something out of the bathroom cupboard. Moisturizers and hand creams absorb too quickly so you need to keep reapplying which can be disruptive. Vaseline is too thick and sticky. There is a huge range of cheap nice smelling massage oils available.

Be careful not to get massage oil on your partners clothing. Either have them remove their clothing or be sure to wipe up excess oils. The most important thing is your partner should be comfortable. Get women to tie up their hair so it won’t get oily.

There are a number of techniques but the key is moderate pressure. A massage it to relax the muscles not the skin. In order to avoid irritating the skin or tickling apply these methods below:

Soft and fluid strokes should be used to start. It helps to relax your partner. Use the palm of your hand and gently apply pressure to the muscles across the shoulders, upper and lower back. It is good on the tissue and feels pleasant.

Heart strokes: Using slightly increased pressure, place your hands flat on either side of your partner’s spine. Slide your hands upwards, maintaining pressure. At the shoulder blades move your hand to the side and slide them down the rib cage, making a rough heart shape.

Circle strokes: This stroke is very relaxing and usually a favorite with women. Place your hand flat on your partner’s back, apply pressure with one hand moving clockwise and the other hand moving anti-clockwise. Movements should be firm but slow. This stroke often leaves recipients feeling sleepy.

Kneading strokes: This is a little more complicated and there is room to end up simply pinching your partner, which is unpleasant. The idea is to squeeze the muscles in a gentle and rhythmic way. If done properly it can be very relaxing and is generally the preferred stroke for men. Do not use this stroke for too long as it may lead to discomfort.

The most important part of a massage is allowing your partner to enjoy it. When you finish give them time to relax and enjoy what you have just done. Do not just expect them to jump up return the favor immediately or you ruin the whole gesture.

2011: 07/28
CATEGORY: Types